W
Pronounced like English "V" — Wolfgang = "Volfgang"
J
Pronounced like English "Y" — Jakob = "Yaakob"
ei
Pronounced like English "eye" — Heidi = "Hy-dee"
ie
Pronounced like English "ee" — Friederike = "Free-deh-ree-keh"
ü
No English equivalent — round lips for "ee", say "oo"
ä
Pronounced like English "air" — Käthe = "Kay-teh"
ch
Soft "kh" sound after a/o/u — hard "sh" after e/i
sch
Always "sh" — like English "shoe"